Importance of Antifreeze Use in Gas Engines: Cooling, Freezing and Corrosion Protection

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1. Introduction

Gas engines are systems that require high efficiency and reliability. In order for these engines to perform optimally, it is critical that the cooling systems work effectively. Antifreeze, as one of the basic fluids used in cooling systems, plays a vital role in both cooling and protecting the engine.

According to the above study, 13% of the main problems experienced in combined heat and power (CHP) units are directly related to cooling systems. When the problems indirectly related to the cooling system are taken into consideration, this rate increases even more.

2. What is Antifreeze and How Does It Work?

Antifreeze is a mixture of chemical components added to the coolant. Its basic functions are as follows:

  • Providing Heat Transfer: It allows the engine to cool down by removing the heat energy generated by combustion from the engine.

  • Freeze Prevention: It prevents the coolant from freezing at low temperatures. Especially in winter, it prevents water from freezing and causing blockages or damage to the system.

  • Boiling Point Raising: Prevents the engine from overheating by preventing the liquid from boiling at high temperatures.

  • Corrosion Protection: Antifreezes reduce corrosion formation on metal surfaces with the inhibitors they contain. This extends the life of engine parts and reduces maintenance costs.

3. Advantages of Using Antifreeze in Gas Engines

The use of antifreeze in gas engines not only reduces the risks of freezing and boiling, but also provides the following benefits:

  • Efficient Cooling: Prevents overheating and loss of performance by keeping the engine's operating temperature stable.

  • Corrosion Prevention: Prevents oxidation of metal components, reducing premature wear and deterioration.

  • Performance Enhancement: Optimised operating temperatures improve engine efficiency and combustion quality.

  • Long Life and Reliability: The correct use of antifreeze extends the life of the engine and prevents unexpected failures and interruptions.

4. Correct Antifreeze Selection and Usage Recommendations

Points to be considered during the selection and use of antifreeze are as follows:

  • Manufacturer Recommendations: It is important to follow the type of antifreeze recommended by the engine manufacturer in terms of compatibility and performance.

  • Mixing Ratio: The ratio of water and antifreeze should be determined according to the operating conditions of the engine (for example, a ratio of 1 to 3 is generally preferred).

  • Regular Maintenance: Regular control and renewal of the coolant ensures efficient operation of the system.

Antifreeze types differ according to their usage areas:

  • Hybrid Antifreeze (Silicate Containing): Contains inorganic and organic inhibitors; provides corrosion protection.

  • OAT Antifreeze (Non-Silicate): Provides protection against radiator corrosion with organic salts.

  • Si-OAT Antifreeze: A combination of silicate-containing and silicate-free coolants.

5. Types and Properties of Antifreeze Additives

Antifreezes increase the efficiency of the cooling system and protect against corrosion with the additives they contain. The most common additives and their properties are as follows:

5.1. Silicate Based Additives

  • Advantages: Provides uniform corrosion protection against all metals; effective on iron and aluminium alloys.

  • Disadvantages: It may lose its effectiveness over time (rapid depletion), become unstable at high temperature or pH changes and cause sediment formation.

5.2. Nitrite Based Additives

  • Advantages: Excellent protection against damage caused by cavitation; strong corrosion inhibitor on iron and steel surfaces.

  • Disadvantages: They tend to deplete rapidly and excessive use can lead to corrosion of soldered surfaces.

5.3. Phosphate Based Additives

  • Advantages: Effective as a general corrosion inhibitor; offers broad pH stability.

  • Disadvantages: It is rapidly depleted and carries the risk of lime accumulation in hard water.

5.4. Organic Additives

  • Advantages: Provides long-term protection by forming a thin film layer; resistant to different water qualities.

  • Disadvantages: Cost may be higher than conventional additives.

6. Conclusion

The use of antifreeze in gas engines is an indispensable element in fulfilling the basic functions of cooling, freeze protection and corrosion protection. Correct antifreeze selection and regular maintenance practices optimise engine performance, extend engine life and reduce operating costs. Therefore, the use of antifreeze should be given due importance for efficient and reliable operation of gas engines.

Batuhan ŞENOL
Service Operation Coordinator / Marine Engineering Operations
ILTEKNO A.Ş